Indonesia
- Jakarta: 731
- Bogor: 240
- Medan: 141
- Padan: 172
- Bukkitinggi: 49
- Sawalunto: 31
- Samarkand: 252
- Beijing: 99
- Shanghai: 332
- Yingkou: 21
- Harbin: 40
- Hong Kong: 79
- Nanjin:84
- Tianjin: 135
- Qingdao: 121
2013-10-01
Total Number
Total 2,527
Indonesia
Indonesia
2013-09-30
Jakarta
********** History of Jakarta **********
1 Jayakarta – Batavia – Jakarta
The history of Jakarta begins with the glory of the Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom, under which what is now called Jakarta was only a port called Sunda Kelapa. In 1527, Portuguese delegates came with small troops, but was pushed back by Fatahillah who conquered the city, and since then the city was called Jayakarta, meaning the “city of victory”. The date was 22nd June 1527, now still celebrated as the birthday of Jakarta.
The Dutch came to Jayakarta in 1596, founded the VOC in 1602 and started to grow their influence in the city. Until 1619, the city fell to the Dutch under Jan Pieterzoon Coen as the first governor, and the name of the city changed to Batavia. There was a time when Batavia fell to the British army in 1811, and returned to the Dutch after an agreement between both sides in 1820. During the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the name Batavia finally changed to Jakarta, and it became the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia after the independence war (1945-49).
2 Five stages of Jakarta
Morphologically, the development of Batavia had passed through five stages. The first one (17c – late of 18c), the settlement of the old town, begun just after the city fell to the Dutch army. It started with the fortification of the city and application of the Dutch urban planning, complete with canals, drawbridges, canal houses, etc.. Then diverse ethnic groups such as Chinese and Arab had also engaged in trading. But the fortification itself generated a disease epidemic and consequently urban center was moved into the southern suburbs of Weltevreden, and the second stage (the late of 18c – the late of 19c) started.
This was carried out under the Governor-General Daendels who constructed the Great Post Road which connects Batavia with Bogor. Moreover, various facilities such as government offices, residences, military facilities, church, square, etc had been constructed around Weltevreden through 19c.
In the third phase (the late of 19c – 1945) Batavia had been developed as “Modern City”. modern infrastructures such as railway, port, etc had been constructed and also in Kota new buildings, for example Stasiun Kota, were built. Then, the municipality of Meester Cornelis (now Jatinegara) was integrated into municipality of Batavia in 1935 and kampung was also organized into the system of administration. Those stages went along until the independence in 1945, which started the fourth stage. In the fourth stage (1945-1960’s), where the southern urbanization seemed to have gone well, continued with the development of Kebayoran Baru (the satellite city which was started in 1948) and Senayan Olympic Complex for Asian Game in 1962. These projects were planned by not only Indonesian architects in the first generation and foreign architects, by but also the first President Soekarno who used to be an architect. With these as turning points, Thamrin-Sudirman road was constructed to connect the Northern part of the city (Monas) with the Southern part (Kebayoran Baru and Senayan), and several buildings rose along its streets.
In the fifth stage, we can see Jakarta as the capital of Indonesia through heritages. Those five stages of development of Jakata city have left many significant signs of heritage throughout the city. Mostly it was located at the crucial places of history, like the old city (Kota), the Chinese ward (Glodok), the new center of the city with Gambir and Lapangan Merdeka, the elite ward Menteng, the incorporated town of Jatinegara (Meester Cornelis) and the suburb of Kebayoran.
********** Works **********
Papers
Jakarta Heritage Map2007
1 Jayakarta – Batavia – Jakarta
The history of Jakarta begins with the glory of the Hindu Pajajaran Kingdom, under which what is now called Jakarta was only a port called Sunda Kelapa. In 1527, Portuguese delegates came with small troops, but was pushed back by Fatahillah who conquered the city, and since then the city was called Jayakarta, meaning the “city of victory”. The date was 22nd June 1527, now still celebrated as the birthday of Jakarta.
The Dutch came to Jayakarta in 1596, founded the VOC in 1602 and started to grow their influence in the city. Until 1619, the city fell to the Dutch under Jan Pieterzoon Coen as the first governor, and the name of the city changed to Batavia. There was a time when Batavia fell to the British army in 1811, and returned to the Dutch after an agreement between both sides in 1820. During the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the name Batavia finally changed to Jakarta, and it became the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia after the independence war (1945-49).
2 Five stages of Jakarta
Morphologically, the development of Batavia had passed through five stages. The first one (17c – late of 18c), the settlement of the old town, begun just after the city fell to the Dutch army. It started with the fortification of the city and application of the Dutch urban planning, complete with canals, drawbridges, canal houses, etc.. Then diverse ethnic groups such as Chinese and Arab had also engaged in trading. But the fortification itself generated a disease epidemic and consequently urban center was moved into the southern suburbs of Weltevreden, and the second stage (the late of 18c – the late of 19c) started.
This was carried out under the Governor-General Daendels who constructed the Great Post Road which connects Batavia with Bogor. Moreover, various facilities such as government offices, residences, military facilities, church, square, etc had been constructed around Weltevreden through 19c.
In the third phase (the late of 19c – 1945) Batavia had been developed as “Modern City”. modern infrastructures such as railway, port, etc had been constructed and also in Kota new buildings, for example Stasiun Kota, were built. Then, the municipality of Meester Cornelis (now Jatinegara) was integrated into municipality of Batavia in 1935 and kampung was also organized into the system of administration. Those stages went along until the independence in 1945, which started the fourth stage. In the fourth stage (1945-1960’s), where the southern urbanization seemed to have gone well, continued with the development of Kebayoran Baru (the satellite city which was started in 1948) and Senayan Olympic Complex for Asian Game in 1962. These projects were planned by not only Indonesian architects in the first generation and foreign architects, by but also the first President Soekarno who used to be an architect. With these as turning points, Thamrin-Sudirman road was constructed to connect the Northern part of the city (Monas) with the Southern part (Kebayoran Baru and Senayan), and several buildings rose along its streets.
In the fifth stage, we can see Jakarta as the capital of Indonesia through heritages. Those five stages of development of Jakata city have left many significant signs of heritage throughout the city. Mostly it was located at the crucial places of history, like the old city (Kota), the Chinese ward (Glodok), the new center of the city with Gambir and Lapangan Merdeka, the elite ward Menteng, the incorporated town of Jatinegara (Meester Cornelis) and the suburb of Kebayoran.
********** Works **********
Papers
- 林 憲吾, 徳田 哲司, 白佐立, 村松 伸「近代植民都市バタヴィアの空間形成 : 近現代に再編成されたジャカルタの都市遺産資産に関する研究 その1(都市史:東南アジア・ヨーロッパ(1), 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2006, pp. 349-350
- 松田 浩子, 村松 伸「バタヴィアの市街地拡大と「水」への対応 : 近現代に再編成されたジャカルタの都市遺産資産に関する研究 その2(都市史:東南アジア・ヨーロッパ(1), 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2006, pp. 351-352
- 谷川 竜一, 村松 伸「立ち現れる新生インドネシアのグローバルシティ : 近現代に再編成されたジャヵルタの都市遺産資産に関する研究 その3(都市史:東南アジア・ヨーロッパ(1), 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2006, pp353-354
Jakarta Heritage Map2007
Page1【Click to enlarge】
Page2【Click to enlarge】
2013-09-27
Medan
********** Detailed History of Medan **********
Medan appeared from the mist of myth around 16th to 17th centuries, when two powers in northen Sumatra - Aceh and Deli - went to war. "Medan" is a Malay word for "battle field", the place where the fight between two contesting powers took place. It is also associated with "Medina", the Islamic city in Arabia where a peaceful and prosperous civil-society once was achieved under the reign of Prophet Muhammad.
The famous Sultan Iskandar Muda from Aceh defeated Aru kingdom in Deli Tua ("Old Deli" located southward of the present Medan) in 1612, established the Deli kingdom in 1632, and appointed Gocah Pahlawan as the first king.The second king, Marhum Kesawan was enthroned in 1669 and then moved the capital to the present location of Medan (the name "Kesawan" is originated from his name). The location of the capital of Deli kingdom was moved several times (to Pulo Brayan, then to Labuhan Deli) before finally settled down in the present location of Maimoon Palace in 1888 by the 9th ruler, Sultan Ma'mum Al Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah. In 1861 some Fujianese from Southern China began to settle in Labuhan Deli, some 20 km north towards the sea. Labuhan was an important port town of the Sultanate of Deli, where the Syahbandar (Port Master) office was located at the middle of the town near the main landing place or harbor. In 1891 a temple dedicated for Guanyin, Shoushan-gong was erected by Fujianese in Labuhan Deli to commemorate 30 years anniversary of the founding of the settlement. Labuhan Deli is the capital of Deli kingdom from the 4th ruler (Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, ruled from 1728 to 1761) until the 9th ruler (Sultan Ma'mum Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, ruled from 1873 to 1924) before it was moved to Medan. The location of the palace was near the present site of the Sultan Mosque in Labuhan Deli.
After the war in 1612 and during period of the Labuhan Deli as the capital city, the area was deserted and became a small village. Anderson, a British Government Officer visited the place in 1823 and he noted that only about 200 people lived in Medan. In 1865, a Dutch planter, Nienhuys went into the hinterland and opened a Dutch plantation center to grow tobacco. His estate was located in the eastern bank of Deli River at the north-western side of the present Esplanade. The plantation became the propelling element for the growth of a new settlement.
Chinese coolie began to be shipped to Sumatra in 1870 due to the rapid development of Colonial plantation activities, and many of them headed to Medan. The erection of temples in Medan area was the indication of rapid growth of Chinese population. In 1878 Zhenjun-miao was erected by Chaozhou people in Tanjung Mulia (between Titipapan & Labuhan) for their deity "the true man Wu". Around 1880s Guandi-miao was erected by Guangdong people the currently Jl. Irian Barat 2 location, followed by Guanyin-gong by Xinghua people in the present Jl. Yos Sudarso 46. Another temple, Guandi-gong was erected in the present Jl. Pertemburan 81 - near Pulo Brayan in 1890. These temples would be followed by the construction another temples in different locations in Medan area and beyond.
Few years after the establishment of tobacco plantation and factories, the city developed rapidly as a trading centre with a fast growing cosmpolitan population. Medan was declared as the capital of northern Sumatra in 1886. In the same year "Witte Societeit" ("a rather grand club") was erected next to the post office to cater the recreational need of the European community. Hotel De Boer was constructed in 1896, sign of rapid urban transformation process of Medan into a modern business city.
Tjong A Fie - a Hakka enterpreneur and one of the founding fathers of Medan - came from Canton in 1875 and made his fortune in the plantation industry together with his brother, Tjong Yong Hian. He built up good connection with the Sultan of Deli and the Dutch planters and was appointed as 'Majoor der Chineezen' or the Chinese community leader. He was a famous philanthropist which became one of the founders of the Colonial Institute (the present Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen or the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam). His house in Kesawan was completed in 1900, a hybrid Chinese - European - Art Deco court-yard house. The design of this house is very similar to his relative's mansion in Penang, a more famous tycoon Cheong Fatt Tze. He initiated the opening of the railroad to connect Medan with the port of Belawan which later became "Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij" (Deli Railroad Company). In 1913 Tjong A Fie donated the bell tower for the old City Hall building.
The City Hall itself was constructed in 1908, designed by Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam. It was followed by the construction of the Post Office in 1909-1911, designed by Snuyf, head of the.Public Works Department. In 1910 the Javasche Bank (designed by Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam) was erected. In 1930s many corporate offices were established in Medan, most of them were located in Kesawan area. In 1929 Office of Netherlands Trading Company (it was then the liquidated Bank Exim) was completed (the building was used by Gunseikanbu during the Japanese occupation). Kesawan became the "Wall Street" of Medan - and the city was developed into an important regional trading and tourism in Southeast Asia.
Medan was closely linked with Penang across the Melaka Strait, not just in trading activities but also in urban design and architecture as well. British planners and architects from the Straits Settlements were often hired by the Medan wealthy residents, or the Dutch architects and planners brought in ideas from across the strait. The central open urban space at the middle of the colonial city was called "Esplanade" like the one in Penang, and the shop-house facade style and building typology bore a resemblance to the shop-house in the Straits Settlements. Fusion of Dutch-British Tropical style and urban design elements can be found almost everywhere in the Colonial district of Medan. The specifically design node and corner buildings in along the main streets of Kesawan area, which combined at least 2, 3 or more formal articulations of the building blocks (set-back, obliqued, rounded, towered) to give unique identity to different urban nodes, are similar to the urban design characteristics in other Dutch modern cities such as Bandung, Semarang, or Malang.
Morphologically Medan's central area can be divided into three segments: the Colonial core district, the Chinese area, and the sprawling native settlements. The Colonial district consists of the most important buildings and infrastructures, including the business area in Kesawan, the military area between Deli River and Babura River, the upper-class residential area in Polonia "Tropical Garden City", Central market, churches, hospitals, schools, factories, train station, and airport. The high-density mixed-used Chinese area is located on the eastern side of Deli River, intersected with the Colonial area in Kesawan. The centre of native settlement is the Sultan's Palace and the Mosque at the southern end of the city next to Kesawan business district and the Chinese area. The palace was built in 1888 and the mosque in 1907 with Orientalistic-Imperialist architectural style, as a significant expression of the Dutch colonial cultural dominance and political control.
Entering the 20th century, Medan was a rapidly growing trading city. According to 1910 census the city's population was 17,500. By the end of Dutch rule in 1942, the population reached 80,000. The current population of Medan is around 2 million people, the fourth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung.
Historical Timeline:
1823 Anderson (British Government Officer) visited Medan. Population = 200.
1861 Fujianese began to settle in Labuhan Deli
1865 Nienhuys (Dutch) opened Dutch plantation center to grow tobacco.
1869 The opening of Suez Canal
1870 Chinese coolie began to be shipped to Sumatra.
1873-1924 The rule of Sultan Ma'mum Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, "the Builder".
1878 Zhenjun-miao was erected by Chaozhou people in Tanjung Mulia (between Titipapan & Labuhan)
1880s Guandi-miao (Guandi, Caishen, Dabogong) was erected by Guangdong people in Medan (Jl. Irian Barat 2).
1880s Guanyin-gong (Shakyamuni, Guanyin, Dizang-wang) was erected by Xinghua people in Medan (Jl. Yos Sudarso 46).
1885 The first newspaper "Deli Courant" was published.
1886 Medan became the capital of northern Sumatra.
1886 "Witte Societeit" ("a rather grand club") was erected next to the post office.
1888 Sultan of Deli (Sultan Ma'mum Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah) moved from Labuhan Deli to Maimoon Palace in Medan.
1890 Guandi-gong (Guandi) was erected in Medan (Jl. Pertemburan 81 - near Pulo Brayan)
1891 Shoushan-gong (Guanyin) was erected by Fujianese in Labuhan Deli
1895 Zhenjun-miao was erected by Chaozhou people in Titipapan.
1898 Hotel De Boer was constructed.
1898-1939 Publication of "De Sumatra Post" by Joseph Hallermann, a German.
1900 Tjong A Fie mansion was built.
1906 Tianhou-gong (Mazu temple) was erected in Medan (Jl. Pandu Baru 2)
1907 Sultan Mosque was built.
1908 City Hall (Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam)
1909-1911 Construction of post office (Snuyf, architect - head of Ned.Ind.PWD)
1910 Medan was a small city. Population = 17,500.
1910 Javasche Bank (Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam)
1913 Tjong A Fie donated the city hall's clock tower.
1917 Horse drawn carts with brooms were used for town cleaning.
1923 Renovation of City Hall.
1923 Zhenlian-si (Guangze-zunwang, Yuhuang-dadi) was erected by Chaozhou people in Kedai Durian.
1924-1945 The rule of Sultan Amaluddin Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah
1928 Motorized vehicles were used to replace the horse drawn cars for town cleaning.
1929 Office of Netherlands Trading Company (now Bank Exim) was completed (used by Gunseikanbu during the Japanese occupation).
1936 Guanyin-ting (Guanyin) was erected by Hakka women in Medan (Jl. Lahat 54)
1936 Baolian-tang (Guanyin) was erected by Chaozhou women in Medan (Jl. Sun Yat Sen)
1942 End of Dutch rule. Population = 80,000.
2000 Medan's population = 1,898,013
References:
Medan appeared from the mist of myth around 16th to 17th centuries, when two powers in northen Sumatra - Aceh and Deli - went to war. "Medan" is a Malay word for "battle field", the place where the fight between two contesting powers took place. It is also associated with "Medina", the Islamic city in Arabia where a peaceful and prosperous civil-society once was achieved under the reign of Prophet Muhammad.
The famous Sultan Iskandar Muda from Aceh defeated Aru kingdom in Deli Tua ("Old Deli" located southward of the present Medan) in 1612, established the Deli kingdom in 1632, and appointed Gocah Pahlawan as the first king.The second king, Marhum Kesawan was enthroned in 1669 and then moved the capital to the present location of Medan (the name "Kesawan" is originated from his name). The location of the capital of Deli kingdom was moved several times (to Pulo Brayan, then to Labuhan Deli) before finally settled down in the present location of Maimoon Palace in 1888 by the 9th ruler, Sultan Ma'mum Al Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah. In 1861 some Fujianese from Southern China began to settle in Labuhan Deli, some 20 km north towards the sea. Labuhan was an important port town of the Sultanate of Deli, where the Syahbandar (Port Master) office was located at the middle of the town near the main landing place or harbor. In 1891 a temple dedicated for Guanyin, Shoushan-gong was erected by Fujianese in Labuhan Deli to commemorate 30 years anniversary of the founding of the settlement. Labuhan Deli is the capital of Deli kingdom from the 4th ruler (Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, ruled from 1728 to 1761) until the 9th ruler (Sultan Ma'mum Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, ruled from 1873 to 1924) before it was moved to Medan. The location of the palace was near the present site of the Sultan Mosque in Labuhan Deli.
Chinese coolie began to be shipped to Sumatra in 1870 due to the rapid development of Colonial plantation activities, and many of them headed to Medan. The erection of temples in Medan area was the indication of rapid growth of Chinese population. In 1878 Zhenjun-miao was erected by Chaozhou people in Tanjung Mulia (between Titipapan & Labuhan) for their deity "the true man Wu". Around 1880s Guandi-miao was erected by Guangdong people the currently Jl. Irian Barat 2 location, followed by Guanyin-gong by Xinghua people in the present Jl. Yos Sudarso 46. Another temple, Guandi-gong was erected in the present Jl. Pertemburan 81 - near Pulo Brayan in 1890. These temples would be followed by the construction another temples in different locations in Medan area and beyond.
Few years after the establishment of tobacco plantation and factories, the city developed rapidly as a trading centre with a fast growing cosmpolitan population. Medan was declared as the capital of northern Sumatra in 1886. In the same year "Witte Societeit" ("a rather grand club") was erected next to the post office to cater the recreational need of the European community. Hotel De Boer was constructed in 1896, sign of rapid urban transformation process of Medan into a modern business city.
Tjong A Fie - a Hakka enterpreneur and one of the founding fathers of Medan - came from Canton in 1875 and made his fortune in the plantation industry together with his brother, Tjong Yong Hian. He built up good connection with the Sultan of Deli and the Dutch planters and was appointed as 'Majoor der Chineezen' or the Chinese community leader. He was a famous philanthropist which became one of the founders of the Colonial Institute (the present Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen or the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam). His house in Kesawan was completed in 1900, a hybrid Chinese - European - Art Deco court-yard house. The design of this house is very similar to his relative's mansion in Penang, a more famous tycoon Cheong Fatt Tze. He initiated the opening of the railroad to connect Medan with the port of Belawan which later became "Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij" (Deli Railroad Company). In 1913 Tjong A Fie donated the bell tower for the old City Hall building.
The City Hall itself was constructed in 1908, designed by Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam. It was followed by the construction of the Post Office in 1909-1911, designed by Snuyf, head of the.Public Works Department. In 1910 the Javasche Bank (designed by Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam) was erected. In 1930s many corporate offices were established in Medan, most of them were located in Kesawan area. In 1929 Office of Netherlands Trading Company (it was then the liquidated Bank Exim) was completed (the building was used by Gunseikanbu during the Japanese occupation). Kesawan became the "Wall Street" of Medan - and the city was developed into an important regional trading and tourism in Southeast Asia.
Medan was closely linked with Penang across the Melaka Strait, not just in trading activities but also in urban design and architecture as well. British planners and architects from the Straits Settlements were often hired by the Medan wealthy residents, or the Dutch architects and planners brought in ideas from across the strait. The central open urban space at the middle of the colonial city was called "Esplanade" like the one in Penang, and the shop-house facade style and building typology bore a resemblance to the shop-house in the Straits Settlements. Fusion of Dutch-British Tropical style and urban design elements can be found almost everywhere in the Colonial district of Medan. The specifically design node and corner buildings in along the main streets of Kesawan area, which combined at least 2, 3 or more formal articulations of the building blocks (set-back, obliqued, rounded, towered) to give unique identity to different urban nodes, are similar to the urban design characteristics in other Dutch modern cities such as Bandung, Semarang, or Malang.
Morphologically Medan's central area can be divided into three segments: the Colonial core district, the Chinese area, and the sprawling native settlements. The Colonial district consists of the most important buildings and infrastructures, including the business area in Kesawan, the military area between Deli River and Babura River, the upper-class residential area in Polonia "Tropical Garden City", Central market, churches, hospitals, schools, factories, train station, and airport. The high-density mixed-used Chinese area is located on the eastern side of Deli River, intersected with the Colonial area in Kesawan. The centre of native settlement is the Sultan's Palace and the Mosque at the southern end of the city next to Kesawan business district and the Chinese area. The palace was built in 1888 and the mosque in 1907 with Orientalistic-Imperialist architectural style, as a significant expression of the Dutch colonial cultural dominance and political control.
Entering the 20th century, Medan was a rapidly growing trading city. According to 1910 census the city's population was 17,500. By the end of Dutch rule in 1942, the population reached 80,000. The current population of Medan is around 2 million people, the fourth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung.
Historical Timeline:
1823 Anderson (British Government Officer) visited Medan. Population = 200.
1861 Fujianese began to settle in Labuhan Deli
1865 Nienhuys (Dutch) opened Dutch plantation center to grow tobacco.
1869 The opening of Suez Canal
1870 Chinese coolie began to be shipped to Sumatra.
1873-1924 The rule of Sultan Ma'mum Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah, "the Builder".
1878 Zhenjun-miao was erected by Chaozhou people in Tanjung Mulia (between Titipapan & Labuhan)
1880s Guandi-miao (Guandi, Caishen, Dabogong) was erected by Guangdong people in Medan (Jl. Irian Barat 2).
1880s Guanyin-gong (Shakyamuni, Guanyin, Dizang-wang) was erected by Xinghua people in Medan (Jl. Yos Sudarso 46).
1885 The first newspaper "Deli Courant" was published.
1886 Medan became the capital of northern Sumatra.
1886 "Witte Societeit" ("a rather grand club") was erected next to the post office.
1888 Sultan of Deli (Sultan Ma'mum Al Rashid Perkasa Alamsyah) moved from Labuhan Deli to Maimoon Palace in Medan.
1890 Guandi-gong (Guandi) was erected in Medan (Jl. Pertemburan 81 - near Pulo Brayan)
1891 Shoushan-gong (Guanyin) was erected by Fujianese in Labuhan Deli
1895 Zhenjun-miao was erected by Chaozhou people in Titipapan.
1898 Hotel De Boer was constructed.
1898-1939 Publication of "De Sumatra Post" by Joseph Hallermann, a German.
1900 Tjong A Fie mansion was built.
1906 Tianhou-gong (Mazu temple) was erected in Medan (Jl. Pandu Baru 2)
1907 Sultan Mosque was built.
1908 City Hall (Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam)
1909-1911 Construction of post office (Snuyf, architect - head of Ned.Ind.PWD)
1910 Medan was a small city. Population = 17,500.
1910 Javasche Bank (Hulswit & Fermont Weltevreden + Ed Cuypers Amsterdam)
1913 Tjong A Fie donated the city hall's clock tower.
1917 Horse drawn carts with brooms were used for town cleaning.
1923 Renovation of City Hall.
1923 Zhenlian-si (Guangze-zunwang, Yuhuang-dadi) was erected by Chaozhou people in Kedai Durian.
1924-1945 The rule of Sultan Amaluddin Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah
1928 Motorized vehicles were used to replace the horse drawn cars for town cleaning.
1929 Office of Netherlands Trading Company (now Bank Exim) was completed (used by Gunseikanbu during the Japanese occupation).
1936 Guanyin-ting (Guanyin) was erected by Hakka women in Medan (Jl. Lahat 54)
1936 Baolian-tang (Guanyin) was erected by Chaozhou women in Medan (Jl. Sun Yat Sen)
1942 End of Dutch rule. Population = 80,000.
2000 Medan's population = 1,898,013
References:
- Akihary, Huib, "Architectuur & Stedebouw in Indonesie 1870/1979", De Walburg Pers, Zutphen, 1988
- Buiskool, Dirk A., and Koudenburg, Tjeerd, "Tours Through Historical Medan and Its Surroundings", Medan, 1995
- Reid, Anthony (comp.), "Witnesses to Sumatra - A Travellers' Anthology", Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1995
- "Classical Photographs of Medan in the Old Days", Sumatra Heritage Trust, Medan, 2000
- Sinar, Tengku Lukman, "The History of Medan in the Olden Times", 6th edition, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Seni Budaya Melayu, Medan, 1996
- Loderichs, M.A., "Medan - Beeld van een stad", Asia Maior, Purmerend, 1997
- Van Diessen, J.R. and Voskuil, R.P.G.A., "Stedenatlas Nederlands-Indie", Asia Maior, Purmerend, 1998, pp. 30-36.
- http://www.info-indo.com/sumatra/medanhistory.htm
- http://www.trijaya-travel.com/htm1/indxcP.htm
Inventory Members
Surveyors
FUJIMORI Terunobu
MURAMATSU Shin
**********Jakarta**********
ADIPUTRI, Mariska
ADIYANTO, Johannes
AFFANDI, Annita Leonady
ANNISA, Telly
ARAINI, Niken
AYUKAWA, Kei
CHOIRIYAH, Qosdiyah
CHOULI, Pei
DJAJADI, Felicia L.
EPIFANIA, Priscilla
FEBRIANTY, M.S. Nanik
HARIB, Depri
HASTIJANTI, R.A. Retno
HAYASHI, Kengo
HO, Shok Wan
HUSEIN, Denny
ISHIKAWA, Yasuhiro
JAROT, Laras Rahardjo
KATAYAMA, Takashi
KUSUMADEWI, Melati Putri
MATSUDA, Hiroko
MIMURA, Yutaka
MIRANIA, Ferani
MURTI, Eva
NAGANO, Yosuke
OH, Aveline
OKTAVIALDY, Yuriza
PRATAMA, Aditya
PUSPATARINI, Retna Ayu
PUTRA, Y. Krisna Hadi
RAKHMAWATI, Irma
SAGITA, David A.
SAGITA, Dian
SASTRAWANTO, William
SETIAWAN, Fransiska
SOPANDI, Setiadi
SUPARTAN, Hendri
TAJUDEEN, Imran Bin
TANIGAWA, Ryuichi
TOKUDA, Tetsuji
TRIANDA, Zaky
WAHYUNI, Endang Sri
WARDHANI, Girindra
WIDYARTA, Mohammad Nanda
WIRANTA, William
YENI, Anastasia
Agus
**********Medan**********
Ari
ASAKURA
Atsushi
Budi
Budiandtony
Farica
Go
Matsuda, Hiroko
Hosono
Indah
Inooi
IWAMOTO, Masaki
Kim
Lundo
Marudut
SUMITANI, Motoko
Nova
Nurul
Riyandy
TANIGAWA, Ryuichi
Shirly
Silvia
Sumi
Sylvia
Tina
Victor
Yabusaki
Yamoto
Yayad
MIMURA, Yutaka
**********Bukkittingi**********
Eka
Feliz
Heri
Ika
Jo
Jony
HAYASHI, Kengo
OGAWA, Kohei
Nelly
PEI, Chouli
Popo
Rini
Shram
WAKI
**********Sawalunto**********
Feliz
Heri
Ika
Jo
Johny
Junaidi
HAYASHI, Kengo
OGAWA, Kohei
Nellz
PEI, Chouli
Popo
Rini
TANIGAWA, Ryuichi
Sham
Watti
**********Padang**********
Eka
DJAJADI, Felicia L.
Deyusrizal, Herry
Jo
HAYASHI, Kengo
OGAWA, Kohhei
Marjan, Nelly
PEI, Chouli
Popo
TANIGAWA, Ryuichi
Yusuf, Hitcharm
Masrul, Wati
Mutia, Ika
**********Bogor**********
Agus
AFFANDI, Annita Leonady
Ave
SOPANDI, Setiadi
SAGITA, David A.
HUSEIN, Denny
Detro
SAGITA, Dian
WAHYUNI, Endang Sri
DJAJADI, Felicia L.
TAJUDEEN, Imran Bin
AYUKAWA, Kei
HAYASHI, Kengo
PUTRA, Y. Krisna Hadi
FEBRIANTY, M.S. Nanik
EPIFANIA, Priscilla
PUSPATARINI, Retna Ayu
TOKUDA, Tetsuji
WIRANTA, William
SASTRAWANTO, William
NAGANO, Yosuke
MIMURA, Yutaka
SOPANDI, Setiadi
**********Samarkand**********
Azamat
PEI, Chouli
Kato
Khurshed
Otabek
TANIGAWA, Ryuichi
Said
Shakhida
Sitora
URATA, Tomoko
Dilya,
マブリューダ先生
調査に参加した方は可能な限り名前を載せたいと思いますので、ご連絡下さい。
**********Jakarta**********
**********Medan**********
**********Bukkittingi**********
**********Sawalunto**********
**********Padang**********
**********Bogor**********
**********Samarkand**********
調査に参加した方は可能な限り名前を載せたいと思いますので、ご連絡下さい。
Academic Works
********** BOOKS **********
1980
1989
1992
1993
1995
1996
********** PAPERS **********
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2012
********** OTHERS **********
2007
1980
- 日本建築学会編『日本近代建築総覧』(技報堂出版、主査：村松貞次郎）
1989
- 張復合・村松伸ら主編『中国近代建築総覧』 天津編(アジア近代建築研究会)
1992
- 張復合・村松伸ら主編『中国近代建築総覧』哈爾濱編／青島編／煙台編／武漢編／南京編／広州編(中国建築工業出版社)
1993
- 張復合・村松伸ら主編『中国近代建築総覧』北京編／廈門編／重慶編／昆明編／廬山編(中国建築工業出版社)
1995
- 張復合・村松伸ら主編『中国近代建築総覧』営口編／大連編／瀋陽編／済南編(中国建築工業出版社)
1996
- 藤森照信・汪坦監修『全調査・東アジア近代の都市と建築』(筑摩書房)
2001
- 谷川 竜一, 鄭昶源, 岩本 昌, 須賀 温, 金 憲奎, 松本 康隆, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「バンコク・ラタナコーシン地区のThanon Dinsou街区の変遷について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究(1782年-2000年)その1(建築歴史・意匠)」2001, pp151-152
- 薮崎涼, 包 慕萍, 黄 士娟, 小沼 佳久, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「バンコク・チャイナタウン地区の都市空間構造変容について: タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究[1782-2000年]その2(建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2001, pp. 153-154
- 斉藤 優子, 陳, 正哲, 佐々 暁生, 岩本 昌樹, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「バンコク・バンラック地区の西洋人居留地の変遷について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究 その3(建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2001, pp. 155-156
2002
- 村松 伸, 鄭 昶源, 後藤 淳, 矢原 奈欧, 速水 清孝, 田村 景子, 松本 康隆, 藤森 照信「バンコクの木造住宅における外部・半外部空間について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究 (1782-2001) その4(2002年度大会 (北陸) 学術講演梗概集)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2002, pp.405-406
- 藪崎 涼, 包 慕萍, 黄, 士娟, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信, ONUMA, Yoshihisa「バンコク・チャイナタウン地区における商店建築の変容について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究 (1782-2001) その5(2002年度大会 (北陸) 学術講演梗概集)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2002, pp.407-408
2003
- TANIGAWA Ryuichi"Establishing a Standardized Survey Manual for the Comprehension of Modern Heritage in Asian Cities: Based on a Survey Conducted in Medan, Indonesia, 2002, Documenting Built Heritage: Revitalization of Modern Architecture in Asia, mAAN 3rd International Conference, Surabaya, Indonesia, 28-30 Aug., pp.29-38, 2003
- 斉藤 優子, 陳 正哲, 佐々, 暁生, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究 その6 : バンコク・バンラック地区の西洋人居住地における特定街区における民族の街区・住居の変遷(2002年度大会 (北陸) 学術講演梗概集)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2002, pp. 409-410
- 住谷 素子, 速水 清孝, 谷川 竜一, 後藤 淳, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「バンコクにおける戸建住宅の空間構成の変容について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究(1782-2002) その7(東洋 インドネシア・フィリピン・タイ,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2003, pp. 223-224
- 後藤 淳, 速水 清孝, 谷川 竜一, 住谷 素子, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「バンコクの戸建住宅の住まい方について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究(1782-2002) その8(東洋 インドネシア・フィリピン・タイ,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2003, pp.225-226
2004
- 堀米 剛, 速水 清孝, 後藤 淳, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「交通網と土地の関わりからみたラタナコシン島の形成について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究(1782-2003) その10(都市史・アジア(1),建築歴史・意匠)」『」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2004, pp.275-276 URL=,
- 後藤 淳, 速水 清孝, 堀米 剛, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「土地神祠からみたラタナコシン島の都市空間の変容について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究(1782-2003) その11(都市史・アジア(1),建築歴史・意匠) 」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2004, pp.277-278
- 速水 清孝, 後藤 淳, 村松 伸, 藤森 照信「バンコクの木造戸建住宅の変容について : タイ・バンコクの都市形成に関する歴史的研究(1782-2003) その9(都市史・アジア(1),建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2004,pp. 273-274
2005
- 鳳英里子, 村松 伸「サマルカンドはいかに研究されてきたのか? : サマルカンドの都市・建築研究 その1(東洋・ウズベキスタン・レバノン,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2005, pp. 429-430
- 谷川 竜一, 村松 伸「サマルカンドの都市遺産・資産を記録する : サマルカンドの都市・建築研究 その2(東洋・ウズベキスタン・レバノン,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2005, pp. 431-432
- 岡村 健太郎, 加藤 陽生, 村松 伸「サマルカンド新市街の形成および変遷 : サマルカンド都市・建築研究その3(東洋・ウズベキスタン・レバノン,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2005, pp. 433-434
2006
- 岡村 健太郎, 村松 伸「都市を拘束するもの : サマルカンド都市・建築研究その4(東洋:トルコ・中央アジア, 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2006, pp. 245-246
- 浦田 智子, 村松 伸「都市空間としての「マハッラ」 : サマルカンドの都市・建築研究その5(東洋:トルコ・中央アジア, 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2006, pp.247-248
- 伊藤 潤一, 村松 伸「サマルカンドにおける歴史的遺産建築物の保存・再生による街づくり : サマルカンドの都市・建築研究 その6(東洋:トルコ・中央アジア, 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2006, pp. 249-250
- 林 憲吾, 徳田 哲司, 白佐立, 村松 伸「近代植民都市バタヴィアの空間形成 : 近現代に再編成されたジャカルタの都市遺産資産に関する研究 その1(都市史:東南アジア・ヨーロッパ(1), 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会,2006, pp. 349-350
- 松田 浩子, 村松 伸「バタヴィアの市街地拡大と「水」への対応 : 近現代に再編成されたジャカルタの都市遺産資産に関する研究 その2(都市史:東南アジア・ヨーロッパ(1), 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2006, pp. 351-352
- 谷川 竜一, 村松 伸「立ち現れる新生インドネシアのグローバルシティ : 近現代に再編成されたジャヵルタの都市遺産資産に関する研究 その3(都市史:東南アジア・ヨーロッパ(1), 建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2006, pp353-354
2007
- 野儀和人, 浦田智子, 村松 伸「住宅変容過程におけるロシア・ソビエトの侵入と伝統空間 : サマルカンドの都市・建築研究その7(都市史:ヨーロッパ・アメリカ,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2007,pp.335-336
- 亀井 由紀子, 村松 伸「歴史的遺産の保全をめぐる国家と住民の関係性 : サマルカンドの都市・建築研究その8(都市史:ヨーロッパ・アメリカ,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2007, pp.337-338
2008
- 新田 龍希, 林 憲吾, 三村 豊, 村松 伸「住宅の形態に見る近代パレンバンの文化交流・融合・混在 : インドネシア・パレンバンの都市環境文化資源に関する研究(その2)(都市史:アジア・韓国・東南アジア,建築歴史・意匠)」『学術講演梗概集』社団法人日本建築学会, 2008, pp. 377-378
- 林憲吾「持続学への地図」木村武史編『千年持続学の構築』東信堂, 2008, pp. 41-58
2012
- 谷川竜一, 鮎川慧「アジア都市環境文化資源のデータベースとその活用可能性」シリーズ人文科学とコンピュータシンポジウム論文集 つながるデジタルアーカイブ 分野・組織・地域を超えて, 第2012巻7号, 2012年11月, pp.79-84
********** OTHERS **********
2007
- Jakarta Heritage Map
Page1【Click to enlarge】
Page2【Click to enlarge】
2013-09-26
About this Database
本データベースは、アジア近代建築研究者のネットワークであるmAAN、東京大学生産
技術研究所・村松伸研究室、京都大学地域研究統合情報センターが共同し、アジアの
都市部に存在する近代建築を中心にした都市環境文化資源を登録したもので
ある。
データベースは現在京都大学地域研究統合情報センター内で開発中のMyデータ ベースシステムを通じて、実質的なデータ登録・管理を行っている。
目的
私たちが今後自己の環境をよりよく調整・刷新していく際に用いること のできる歴史的ストックを可視化することにあにあります。
アジアの歴史資料としての利活用のみならず、発展著しいアジア都市・建築の保全や再生、時に開発を、歴史的な知見から支援するデータベースを目指しています。
This is searchable database containing information about modern architecturein Asia.
The aim of this database is to identify Asian historic architectural stock which can be used to improve and innovate better our build-environment.
【The Asahi Glass Foundation】
【Research Institute for Humanity and Nature】
【SUMATRA Heritage Trust】
【University of Tokyo】
【mAAN】
【CIAS】
データベースは現在京都大学地域研究統合情報センター内で開発中のMyデータ ベースシステムを通じて、実質的なデータ登録・管理を行っている。
目的
私たちが今後自己の環境をよりよく調整・刷新していく際に用いること のできる歴史的ストックを可視化することにあにあります。
アジアの歴史資料としての利活用のみならず、発展著しいアジア都市・建築の保全や再生、時に開発を、歴史的な知見から支援するデータベースを目指しています。
- 都市建築を中心として掲載する。ただし、それにとどまらず、土木構造物に加 え、歴史ある池や水路、樹木などの自然環境なども対象とし掲載している。本サイト では、これらをまとめて都市環境文化資源と呼ぶ。
- 掲載物件は東京大学生産技術研究所が1980年代よりアジアで調査してきた内容を 基本としている。今後は各地域のNPOや専門家たちの情報を集約していくことで、都 市環境文化資源の基幹データベースとなることを目指している。
- 本データは、建築の写真、地図、名前、建設年代、住所、用途、規模、構造など を中心に掲載する。それぞれの情報から横断検索が可能である。
- 物件は、対象都市内のすべての街区を踏査し、歴史的かつ環境的に価値があると 判断されたものをリストアップしている。本データベースではそれらをさらに選別 し、掲載している。ここでは掲載していない建築の情報量は、掲載してあるものの数倍に上る
- 評価として、各調査者の評価点数が記載されている。評価基準に関しては次の ページを参照のこと。
- 言語は日本語・英語の併記とし、可能な場合は現地語を付記する。
This is searchable database containing information about modern architecturein Asia.
The aim of this database is to identify Asian historic architectural stock which can be used to improve and innovate better our build-environment.
- Mainly this database includes modern architecture, but in addition to this, contains infrastructure, historic pond, old canal, tree, etc. We call these Urban Environmental Cultural Resources.
- All data has been collected by the Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo University since the 1980’s.Also, it is a work in progress with plans for the addition of more records, more comprehensive text within existing records, and photos. In the future we would like to cooperate with several groups and specialists more, and establish the database of the nucleus of Asian Urban Environmental Cultural Resources.
- Each record contains information including the name, date of construction, site location, landmark status, photos, drawings, and current use and condition. It is then possible for you to search the data from these viewpoints.
- A comprehensive architectural survey of the city was completed by a team that looked at all streets in the City to identify notable Urban Environmental Cultural Resources. We picked up more important Urban Environmental Cultural Resources from these results, and registered them in this database website.
- An evaluation process could systematically assess information and assign a numerical score to each Urban Environmental Cultural Resources. About the score, see more.
- English and Japanese were used in this database, and in some cases native languages were added.
- This database result owed much to the works of “Megacities and the Global Environment (MURAMATSU Shin, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature)”, modern Asian Architectural Network (mAAN), and supported by The Asahi Glass Foundation, Tokyo University COE project, Tokyo University AGS project.
*Copyright policy: Although these images are freely available for viewing, they are intended only for educational use.
If you have any requests, please contact us (shinlab[atmark]iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp).
【The Asahi Glass Foundation】【Research Institute for Humanity and Nature】
【SUMATRA Heritage Trust】 【University of Tokyo】
【mAAN】
【CIAS】
What is Modern Asian Architectural Heritage Survey?
東京大学生産技術研究所の藤森照信(現・工学院大学)と村松伸による、中国清華大学建築学院教授汪坦と張復合を主パートナーとする「東アジア近代の建築遺産の基礎的調査研究」は、1988年～1991年にかけ、トヨタ財団の学術助成を受けて実施された。
中国の16都市に残る近代建築の全調査を、各地の研究者と共に進め、『中国近代建築總覽』（中国建築工業出版社、1992年～96年）として出版した。
また、韓国等その他地域でも調査が実施され、その全体は、『全調査・東アジア近代の都市と建築』（筑摩書房、1996年）として結実している。
そして2000年代からは中央アジアや東南アジアへと調査地域を拡大してきた。 初期の調査から約20年を経た今、その後のアジア諸国の経済成長、グローバリゼーションのなかで、調査の背景にある社会的問題や学術的意味も変化してきている。
それに応じ、調査の手法も変化を遂げている。
調査が開始された20年前の段階では、19世紀以降のウェスタン・インパクトによるアジアの都市や建築の変容の記録するために、主に旧植民地宗主国の行政都市や貿易都市において、西洋風建築を中心とした近代の歴史的建造物を調査・記録していた。
しかし調査が進むにつれ、単なる西洋化ではない、例えば日本における和洋折衷や擬洋風など、それまでの歴史的蓄積と混交し合って生まれるアジアの各地域独自の「近代」が存在することが、建築史研究が進む中で明らかになり、そのような建築も調査対象に取り入れるようになった。
さらに近年の東南アジアにおける調査では、環境問題などへの関心の高まりから、建築のみならず、その周辺の構造物や自然環境の要素までを含めて取り扱い、それらを総称して「都市環境文化資源」と定義し、調査対象を広げてきた。
本データベースは、最初期の中国から最新のジャカルタに至るまでの上記近代建築調査の成果の中から、質の高い物件を選び、掲載した。
1988-1989:
China: Harbin、Qingdao、Yantai、Jinan、Wuhan、Nanjin、Guangzhou、Shanghai、Tianjin
Korea: Seoul、Inchon、Gunsan、Mokpo、Busan、Daegu
1990-1991:
China: Beijing、Dalian、Shenyang、Xiamen、Chongqing、Yingkou、昆明、Lushan、Jinan
Hongkong
Macau
Taiwan: Taipei、Danshuei、Taichung、Tainan、kaohsiung
1995:
China: Changchun
1998:
Vietnam: hanoi、Hai Phong、Da Nang
1999:
Vietnam: ナトラン、Ho Chi Minh
1999～2003:
Thai: Bangkok
2002:
Indonesia: Medan
Malaysia: Melaka
2004:
Indonesia: Padang、Bukkitinggi、Sawalunto
Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar
Uzbekistan: Samarkand
2005:
Indonesia: Jakarta
2007:
Indonesia: Jakarta、Bogor
2008:
Indonesia: Palengbang
2009:
Indonesia: Semarang
【文責: 鮎川】
中国の16都市に残る近代建築の全調査を、各地の研究者と共に進め、『中国近代建築總覽』（中国建築工業出版社、1992年～96年）として出版した。
また、韓国等その他地域でも調査が実施され、その全体は、『全調査・東アジア近代の都市と建築』（筑摩書房、1996年）として結実している。
そして2000年代からは中央アジアや東南アジアへと調査地域を拡大してきた。 初期の調査から約20年を経た今、その後のアジア諸国の経済成長、グローバリゼーションのなかで、調査の背景にある社会的問題や学術的意味も変化してきている。
それに応じ、調査の手法も変化を遂げている。
調査が開始された20年前の段階では、19世紀以降のウェスタン・インパクトによるアジアの都市や建築の変容の記録するために、主に旧植民地宗主国の行政都市や貿易都市において、西洋風建築を中心とした近代の歴史的建造物を調査・記録していた。
しかし調査が進むにつれ、単なる西洋化ではない、例えば日本における和洋折衷や擬洋風など、それまでの歴史的蓄積と混交し合って生まれるアジアの各地域独自の「近代」が存在することが、建築史研究が進む中で明らかになり、そのような建築も調査対象に取り入れるようになった。
さらに近年の東南アジアにおける調査では、環境問題などへの関心の高まりから、建築のみならず、その周辺の構造物や自然環境の要素までを含めて取り扱い、それらを総称して「都市環境文化資源」と定義し、調査対象を広げてきた。
本データベースは、最初期の中国から最新のジャカルタに至るまでの上記近代建築調査の成果の中から、質の高い物件を選び、掲載した。
1988-1989:
China: Harbin、Qingdao、Yantai、Jinan、Wuhan、Nanjin、Guangzhou、Shanghai、Tianjin
Korea: Seoul、Inchon、Gunsan、Mokpo、Busan、Daegu
1990-1991:
China: Beijing、Dalian、Shenyang、Xiamen、Chongqing、Yingkou、昆明、Lushan、Jinan
Hongkong
Macau
Taiwan: Taipei、Danshuei、Taichung、Tainan、kaohsiung
1995:
China: Changchun
1998:
Vietnam: hanoi、Hai Phong、Da Nang
1999:
Vietnam: ナトラン、Ho Chi Minh
1999～2003:
Thai: Bangkok
2002:
Indonesia: Medan
Malaysia: Melaka
2004:
Indonesia: Padang、Bukkitinggi、Sawalunto
Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar
Uzbekistan: Samarkand
2005:
Indonesia: Jakarta
2007:
Indonesia: Jakarta、Bogor
2008:
Indonesia: Palengbang
2009:
Indonesia: Semarang
【文責: 鮎川】
登録:
投稿 (Atom)